The World Flora Online

2. Osmunda regalis L., Sp. Pl. 1065 (1753). Lectotipo (designado por Jonsell y Jarvis en Jarvis et al., 1993): Herb. Burser XX: 26 (UPS).

Por M. Palacios-Rios.

Osmunda mexicana Fée, O. palmeri A.E. Bobrov, O. regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray, O. spectabilis Willd.

Pecíolo 1/3 del largo de la hoja, pajizo a pardo-rojizo, oscuro en la base, glabro; hojas estériles y fértiles parcialmente dimorfas; hojas estériles 30-180 x 20-30 cm, con pinnas monomorfas; lámina 2-pinnada, elíptica, anchamente lanceolada; pinnas 4-9 cm de ancho, pecioluladas, glabras en la madurez; últimos segmentos serrulados; nervaduras generalmente 2-divididas; hojas fértiles con sólo las pinnas apicales fértiles; ejes glabros en la madurez; 2n=44. Selvas altas perennifolias inundables. T (Cowan 3100, MO); Ch (Miranda 5637, MEXU); G (Hannon y Dwyer 3150, MO); H (Hernández 199, TEFH); ES (Villacorta 771, MO); N (Martínez S. y Grijalva 1854, MEXU); CR (Taylor y Taylor 4481, MO). 800-2700 m. (E. Canadá, E. Estados Unidos, México, Mesoamérica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Antillas, Europa, Asia, S. África.)

60–200 cm hoch. Sporangienstand vom übrigen Blatt getrennt, rispig verzweigt am Ende des Blattes, dieses unter dem Sporangienstand doppelt gefiedert: Abschnitte 1. Ordnung mit 7–9 Paaren nach vorn gerichteter, länglicher, ganzrandiger oder f

6–7. Buschwälder an feuchten, schattigen Stellen, kollin. TI.

Terrícola

Erva

Sea level up to 6, 000 ft. alt.; on rocks in and near streams and lakes.

Lvs mostly 5–18 dm; petiole glabrous; blade bipinnate, broadly ovate, to 5.5 dm wide; pinnae 5–7 pairs, subopposite, the lowest slightly reduced; pinnules alternate, 7–10 to a side, oblong, to 7 × 2.3 cm, sessile or nearly so, rounded and oblique at the base, obtuse, serrulate, finely and closely veined; fertile pinnae borne at the ends of some of the blades, several pairs, the larger segments oblong, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, at first greenish, eventually brownish; 2n=44. Swamps and moist places, mostly in acid soil; circumboreal, in Amer. from Nf. to Sask., s. to Fla., Tex., and trop. Amer. Spring–early summer. The Amer. plant is var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray.

Bitki 30-160 cm boyunda, rizomlu. Yaprak çok sayıda; sap 10-40 cm uzunluğunda; yaprak ana ekseni açık yeşil ilâ açık kahverengi. Yapraklar 2 teleksi; verimli yapraklarda uçtaki telekler sporangiyumlu, diğerleri verimsiz. Sporangiyumsuz telekler 15-30 × 4-10 cm, dikdörtgenimsi; telekçikler en çok 8 × 1,5 cm. Verimsiz telekçikler dikdörtgenimsi, uçları küt, sivri ya da hafifçe girintili; alttakiler 1-2 mm saplı ve aya tabanı eşit olmayan loblu; kenarları sık ve küçük testere dişli; telekçik damarlanması çatalsı, anastomoz yapmaz. Sporangiyumlu telekler 4-9 çift, 2,5-12 × 1,5-2,5 cm; telekçikler 1-2,5 × 0,4-0,8 cm. Soruslar az sayıdaki uç telekçiklerde toplanmıştır, olgunlukta koyu kahverengi.

Rhizome court.' Feuilles nombreuses, dressées, de 0,4 à 1,8 m de long, couvertes d'un tomentum roux à l'état jeune, glabres à maturité; pétiole lisse, canaliculé à la face supérieure; limbe oblong, subcoriace, 2-penné; 2-8(-10) paires de divisions primaires, celles-ci opposées ou subopposées, les inférieures un peu plus courtes que les médianes, à 6-15 paires de divisions secondaires; divisions secondaires stériles de 2-7 × 0,5-2 cm, alternes à subopposées, pétiolulées, oblongues à lancéolées, inégalement tronquées ou arrondies à la base, obtuses à subaiguës au sommet, entières ou ± denticulées, parfois lobées dans le bas, les divisions ultimes apicales souvent confluentes; divisions secondaires fertiles limitées à la partie supérieure des feuilles et ± nombreuses, à limbe très fortement réduit. Sporanges marginaux, brun foncé à maturité. Spores subsphériques, de 40-50 μ, chlorophylliennes.

Bords des eaux, marais, galeries forestières, endroits humides, jusqu'à 2 400 m d'altitude.

Subcosmopolite: Europe; Asie; Amérique; Afrique, surtout dans les régions montagneuses, Madagascar.

Plants terrestrial. Stems large, erect, to 90 mm in diameter, to 200 mm tall, clothed by a layer of persistent stipe bases and roots. Fronds caespitose, erect, to 960 mm long, fertile fronds hemidimorphic, the fertile pinnae apical, up to 10 per plant; stipe proximally laterally winged, terete higher up, to 380 mm long, to 6 mm in diameter, initially closely set with pale simple or branched hairs occurring along the axes, becoming glabrous later; lamina catadromous, imparipinnate, 2-pinnate, oblong to narrowly ovate, to 680 mm long, to 270 mm wide, with up to 11 pinna pairs; rachis stramineous, terete, glabrous; pinnae petiolate, petiole to 7 mm long, opposite to alternate, proximally more widely spaced, articulated along the rachis (non-functional), 1-pinnate, sterile oblong-acuminate, to 215 mm long, to 85 mm wide, with up to 11 pinnule pairs, fertile oblong-acuminate, to 110 mm long, to 17 mm wide, with up to 11 pinnule pairs; pinna-rachis stramineous, terete, narrowly winged towards the apex, glabrous; pinnules herbaceous, alternate, pale green, sessile, spaced, sterile oblong-acuminate to oblong-obtuse, base inequilateral, acroscopically narrowly to broadly cuneate or excavate, basiscopically truncate to broadly cuneate, minutely crenulate, to 54 mm long, to 12 mm wide, fertile strongly contracted, petiolate, petiole to 1 mm long, linear to narrowly oblong, to 27 mm long, to 4 mm wide; aerophores absent. Venation catadromous, evident, pinnately branched, free. Sporangia borne marginally at vein endings; sporangium short-stalked, stout, capsule massive, globose, annulus poorly differentiated. Spores numerous, chlorophyllose, spheroidal, trilete, coarsely tuberculate, 72 x 79 µm in diameter. Rhizome erect, without scales, covered by a mass of persistent winged leaf bases. Fertile pinnules much narrower than sterile pinnules. Lamina 2-pinnate, up to 1 m long. Veins free. Sporangia borne in dense clusters on both surfaces of narrow fertile pinnules. Terrestrial. Rhizome erect, up to 3 m long. Fronds erect, 2-pinnate, up to 1 m long, outline narrowly ovate, with dimorphic sterile and fertile pinnules; sterile pinnules narrowly ovate-oblong, glabrous at maturity; fertile pinnules much reduced, borne on terminal portion of lamina, covered in sporangia. Rhizome erect to suberect. Fronds tufted erect, with a rufous tomentum when young, becoming glabrous at maturity; lamina oblong to narrowly oblong, up to 1 m long, with subopposite pinnae, fertile pinnae borne in apical portion; sterile pinnules herbaceous to thinly coriaceous, very narrowly to narrowly oblong, up to 60 x 15 mm, unequally truncate basally, obtuse to broadly acute, minutely crenulate, petiolate except for adnate pinnules towards apices of pinnae; fertile pinnules linear, up to c. 25 x 2 mm, petiolate or adnate, bearing groups of sporangia at intervals. Perennial with erect rhizome. Fronds erect, stipe glabrous at maturity, lamina to 1 m, 2-pinnate Null Fertile pinnae borne in apical portion, sterile pinnules narrowly oblong, to 6 cm long, fertile pinnules with groups of sporangia. Rhizome erect, without scales, covered by a mass of persistent winged leaf bases. Fertile pinnules much narrower than sterile pinnules. Lamina 2-pinnate, up to 1 m long. Veins free. Sporangia borne in dense clusters on both surfaces of narrow fertile pinnules. Terrestrial. Rhizome erect, up to 3 m long. Fronds erect, 2-pinnate, up to 1 m long, outline narrowly ovate, with dimorphic sterile and fertile pinnules; sterile pinnules narrowly ovate-oblong, glabrous at maturity; fertile pinnules much reduced, borne on terminal portion of lamina, covered in sporangia. Rhizome erect to suberect. Fronds tufted erect, with a rufous tomentum when young, becoming glabrous at maturity; lamina oblong to narrowly oblong, up to 1 m long, with subopposite pinnae, fertile pinnae borne in apical portion; sterile pinnules herbaceous to thinly coriaceous, very narrowly to narrowly oblong, up to 60 x 15 mm, unequally truncate basally, obtuse to broadly acute, minutely crenulate, petiolate except for adnate pinnules towards apices of pinnae; fertile pinnules linear, up to c. 25 x 2 mm, petiolate or adnate, bearing groups of sporangia at intervals. Perennial with erect rhizome. Fronds erect, stipe glabrous at maturity, lamina to 1 m, 2-pinnate Null Fertile pinnae borne in apical portion, sterile pinnules narrowly oblong, to 6 cm long, fertile pinnules with groups of sporangia.

The species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, the western Indian Ocean region, temperate Europe, Asia and America. South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Lesotho, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Fernando Po, Madagascar and Mauritius, as well as the more temperate parts of Europa, Asia and America. Cedarberg to Limpopo, worldwide. South-western Cape Province to Transkei, Lesotho, Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Cameroun, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Fernando Po, Madagascar and Mauritius, as well as the more temperate parts of Europa, Asia and America. Cedarberg to Limpopo, worldwide.

Open streambanks. 700-2000 m. Terrestrial, among rocks in light shade along perennial streams in evergreen forests, and among scrub in seepage areas in submontane grasslands. Not edaphically bound. Open streambanks. Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. Banks of fast-flowing streams and rivers. Stream banks, 700-1500 m. Terrestrial, among rocks in light shade along perennial streams in evergreen forests, and among scrub in seepage areas in submontane grasslands. Not edaphically bound. Open streambanks. Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. Banks of fast-flowing streams and rivers. Stream banks, 700-1500 m.

Lamina 2-pinnate up to 1 m. long, with the fertile pinnae borne in the apical portion, oblong to narrowly oblong in outline, with subopposite pinnae. Sterile pinnules up to 6 x 1.5 cm., herbaceous to thinly coriaceous, very narrowly to narrowly oblong, unequally truncate at the base, obtuse to broadly acute, minutely crenulate, petiolate except for adnate pinnules towards the apices of the pinnae. Fertile pinnules up to c. 2.5 x 0.2 cm., linear, petiolate or adnate, bearing groups of sporangia at intervals. Fronds erect, with a rufous tomentum when young, becoming glabrous at maturity. Rhizome erect to suberect, covered with the persistent winged bases of the stipes, usually embedded in a mass of black fibrous roots and with tufted fronds. Sterile pinnules up to 6 x 1.5 cm., herbaceous to thinly coriaceous, very narrowly to narrowly oblong, unequally truncate at the base, obtuse to broadly acute, minutely crenulate, petiolate except for adnate pinnules towards the apices of the pinnae. Fertile pinnules up to c. 2.5 x 0.2 cm., linear, petiolate or adnate, bearing groups of sporangia at intervals. Fronds erect, with a rufous tomentum when young, becoming glabrous at maturity. Rhizome erect to suberect, covered with the persistent winged bases of the stipes, usually embedded in a mass of black fibrous roots and with tufted fronds.