Herbs or shrubs, often twining, sometimes prostrate. Leaves usually petiolate, rarely sessile, margin entire, dentate, or palmately or pedately lobed or compound. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few- to many-flowered, variously branched cymose inflorescences; bracts usually small. Sepals variable in shape, often convex, subequal or outer 2 smaller, persistent, often enlarged in fruit. Corolla often yellow or white, sometimes with a darker center, funnelform or campanulate, usually glabrous, or midpetaline bands ± sericeous, sometimes only at apex; limb entire or ± 5-angled. Stamens included, often unequal; anthers often spirally twisted; filaments dilated basally, filiform distally; pollen 3-12-colpate or polyrugate, not spiny. Disc ringlike. Pistil included; ovary (imperfectly 2-)4-loculed, 4-ovuled. Style 1, filiform; stigmas 2-globular. Capsule 1-4-loculed, usually 4-valved or ± irregularly dehiscing. Seeds 4 or fewer, glabrous or pubescent to villous especially at margin.

Source: [
• 8
]. 

14. Merremia Dennst. ex Endl.

Por D.F. Austin, J.A. McDonald y G. Murguía-Sánchez.

Enredaderasherbáceas, volubles o rastreras. Hojas simples o palmaticompuestas, ovadas,hastadas, sagitadas, variablemente palmatisectas o pinnatisectas, los segmentos3-9, ovados a lineares, los márgenes enteros o sinuado-serrulados.Inflorescencias axilares, en dicasios y/o monocasios, algunas vecesumbeliformes. Flores 1-40, los pedúnculos secundarios con brácteas lineares,lanceoladas, glabras o pilosas; sépalos 5, persistentes, imbricados, ovados alanceolados, herbáceos, membranáceos acoriáceos, lisos, glabros, piloso-adpresos o hirsutos, los márgenesenteros, el ápice agudo a obtuso, atenuado, rara vez emarginado; corolacampanulada, infundibuliforme, el limbo más o menos entero, los lobos 5-10,dilatándose gradualmente o abruptamente, blanca, amarilla o rosado-púrpura,glabra; estambres 5, incluidos, insertos en la base del tubo de la corola,rectos, glabros o pubescentes con pelos glandulares, las anterascontorto-helicoidales, polen colpado a agrecolpado; estilo 1, blanco, glabro,estigma capitado, escasamente 2-lobado. Frutos en cápsulas, globosas, más omenos cónicas, redondeadas, pardas, pajizas, grises o translúcidas al secarse,enteras o 4lobadas, con 2-4 lóculos, las valvas generalmente 4, dehiscenciavalvar o irregular, lisas, glabras; semillas 1-4, pardas, negras (pajizas en M. aegyptia), redondeadas, angulosas, 0-3 ángulos,lisas, glabras, puberulentas o tomentosas. Aprox. 80 spp. Principalmente en lostrópicos.

Bibliografía:Austin, D.F. Florida Sci. 42: 216-222 (1979); Econ. Bot.49: 330-332 (1995). Gunn,C.R. Econ. Bot.31: 237-252 (1977). O’Donell,C.A. Lilloa6: 467-554 (1941).

Source: [
• 9
• 1
]. 

MERREMIA Dennst. ex Endl.

Trepadoras o lianas, raramente hierbas; tallos generalmente herbáceos, algunos leñosos, glabros o pubescentes. Hojas enteras, lobadas o palmaticompuestas, 3–7-folioladas, glabras o pubescentes. Flores solitarias o inflorescencias dicasiales a subumbeladas, axilares; sépalos subiguales, oblongos a elípticos, glabros o pubescentes; corola campanulada a infundibuliforme, blanca, amarilla o purpúrea; filamentos iguales o subiguales, anteras helicoidales con dehiscencia completa, polen 3–9-colpado, raramente agrecolpado (M. umbellata); ovario generalmente glabro, 2–3-carpelar, 4–6-ovulado, estilo filiforme, estigma globoso. Frutos capsulares, 2–4-loculares, dehiscencia longitudinal mediante 4–6 valvas o irregular, pericarpio delgado y frágil; semillas 1–4 (–6), glabras o puberulentas.

Género con 60–80 especies distribuidas en las regiones subtropicales y tropicales; 9 especies en Nicaragua.

Source: [
• 10
]. 

Vines or lianas; usually herbaceous, some lignescent, small or large. Leaves entire, lobed, or palmately compound with 3-7 leaflets, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers solitary and axillary, in few-flowered dichasia or sub-umbellate, the bracts linear or lanceolate; sepals subequal, oblong to elliptical; corolla cam- panulate, large or small, white, yellow or purple; the filaments equal or subequal, mostly glabrous at the base, the anthers spirally twisted with complete de- hiscence, the pollen 3-colpate or rarely pantocolpate; ovary usually glabrous, 2-3 carpellate, 4-6 ovulate, the style filiform, the stigma globose or biglobose, included. Fruits capsular, 2-4-celled, longitudinally dehiscent by 4-6 valves or irregularly, the pericarp thin and fragile; the seeds 4-6, glabrous or pubescent.

Source: [
• 13
• 11
]. 

Bejucos o lianas. Hojas simples o (más común) palmadamente compuestas, ovadas a ± orbiculares, cordadas en la base, acuminadas en el ápice y a menudo mucronatas, no lobuladas o lobuladas (cuando simples), de otra forma enteras a dentadas o sinuado-lobuladas, pubescentes en ambas caras con tricomas simples a glabrescentes. Infls. cimosas (a veces umbeliformes) o de 1 fl. solitaria; pedúnculo cilíndrico. Fls. con los sépalos separados, ± iguales, lanceolados, obtusos a acuminados y (a veces) mucronatos en el ápice, glabros o pubescentes; corola principalmente amarilla o blanca, campanulada, levemente lobulada, glabra o glabrada; estambres incluidos; anteras espiraladamente torcidas; estilo 1, simple; estigmas 2, ± globosos. Frs. capsulares, 4–6-valvados o irregularmente dehiscentes; semillas (1)4–6, café oscuro a negras, glabras a puberulentas.

Source: [
• 14
• 12
]. 

Only the following species of Ipomoea have yellow flowers :— I. tuberculata, alpina, obscura, and ochracea.

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Capsule 4-valved or dehiscing irregularly, 1–4-locular

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Ovary 2–4-locular, 4-ovuled; style simple, filiform; stigma biglobular

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Stamens included; pollen smooth

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, entire or slightly lobed, rarely deeply lobed, white or usually yellow* with various centres

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Sepals usually subequal, save in a very few species, elliptic to orbicular, obtuse or acute, sometimes accrescent

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Flowers solitary or in few- to many-flowered axillary inflorescences, small to rather large

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Herbs or shrubs, usually twiners but often prostrate, rarely erect

Source: [
• 6
]. 

Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, entire or slightly lobed, rarely deeply lobed, mostly with distinct midpetaline areas, white or yellow with various centres, often darker brownish or purplish centre.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Sepals 5, usually subequal, elliptic to lanceolate, ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse, sometimes accrescent.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Stamens often contorted; filaments filiform, often broadened at the base, often unequal; pollen smooth.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Herbs or small shrubs, usually twiners, often prostrate, rarely erect.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Stems terete, more rarely winged.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Leaves usually petiolate, variable in shape and size, entire, dentate, auricled, lobed or palmately or pedately partite to compound.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Flowers axillary, solitary or in few- to many-flowered axillary inflorescences, small to rather large, usually cymose.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Bracts usually small.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Capsule 4-valved or dehiscing irregularly, 1–4-locular.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Seeds 4, or less by abortion, glabrous or pubescent.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Ovary 2–4-locular, 4-ovuled; style simple, filifrom, included; stigma biglobose.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Disk often annular.

Source: [
• 7
]. 

Vines or lianas

Source: [
• 13
• 11
].